Network Configuration, Computers are related in a network to change facts or resources each different. Two or greater laptop connected via network media known as laptop network. There are variety of community devices or media are concerned to shape laptop network. Computer loaded with Linux Operating System furthermore may be part of community whether or now not it is small or massive network thru its multitasking and multiuser natures. Maintaining of system and community up and jogging is a mission of System / Network Administrator’s job. In this text we are going to overview often used network configuration and troubleshoot commands in Linux.
1. ifconfig
Ifconfig (interface configurator) command is use to initialize an interface, assign IP Address to interface and enable or disable interface on call for. With this command you may view IP Address and Hardware / MAC address assign to interface and additionally MTU (Maximum transmission unit) length.
# ifconfig eth0 : Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C inet addr:192.168.50.2 Bcast:192.168.50.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe28:fd4c/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:6093 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4824 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:6125302 (5.8 MiB) TX bytes:536966 (524.3 KiB) Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000 lo : Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:480 (480.0 b) TX bytes:480 (480.0 b)
Ifconfig with interface (eth0) command handiest indicates precise interface information like IP Address, MAC Address and many others. With -a options will show all to be had interface info if it is disable also.
# ifconfig eth0 eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C inet addr:192.168.50.2 Bcast:192.168.50.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe28:fd4c/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:6119 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4841 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:6127464 (5.8 MiB) TX bytes:539648 (527.0 KiB) Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
Assigning IP Address and Gateway
Assigning an IP Address and Gateway to interface at the fly. The putting might be removed in case of system reboot.
# ifconfig eth0 192.168.50.5 netmask 255.255.255.0
Enable or Disable Specific Interface
Network Configuration, To enable or disable unique Interface, we use instance command as follows.
Enable eth0
# ifup eth0
Disable eth0
# ifdown eth0
Setting MTU Size
Network Configuration, By default MTU size is 1500. We can set required MTU size with below command. Replace XXXX with size.
# ifconfig eth0 mtu XXXX
Set Interface in Promiscuous mode
Network interface best acquired packets belongs to that specific NIC. If you put interface in promiscuous mode it’ll obtained all of the packets. This may be very beneficial to seize packets and examine later. For this you can require superuser get admission to.
# ifconfig eth0 – promisc
2. PING Command
PING (Packet INternet Groper) command is the pleasant way to check connectivity between nodes. Whether it’s miles Local Area Network (LAN) or Wide Area Network (WAN). Ping use ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) to speak to other gadgets. You can ping host call of ip cope with the usage of underneath command.
# ping 4.2.2.2 PING 4.2.2.2 (4.2.2.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 4.2.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=44 time=203 ms 64 bytes from 4.2.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=44 time=201 ms 64 bytes from 4.2.2.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=44 time=201 ms OR # ping www.tecmint.com PING tecmint.com (50.116.66.136) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 50.116.66.136: icmp_seq=1 ttl=47 time=284 ms 64 bytes from 50.116.66.136: icmp_seq=2 ttl=47 time=287 ms 64 bytes from 50.116.66.136: icmp_seq=3 ttl=47 time=285 ms
Network Configuration, In Linux ping command maintain executing until you interrupt. Ping with -c alternative go out after N variety of request (achievement or errors respond).
# ping -c 5 www.tecmint.com PING tecmint.com (50.116.66.136) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 50.116.66.136: icmp_seq=1 ttl=47 time=285 ms 64 bytes from 50.116.66.136: icmp_seq=2 ttl=47 time=285 ms 64 bytes from 50.116.66.136: icmp_seq=3 ttl=47 time=285 ms 64 bytes from 50.116.66.136: icmp_seq=4 ttl=47 time=285 ms 64 bytes from 50.116.66.136: icmp_seq=5 ttl=47 time=285 ms — tecmint.com ping statistics — 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4295ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 285.062/285.324/285.406/0.599 ms
3. TRACEROUTE Command
Network Configuration, Traceroute is a community troubleshooting application which indicates variety of hops taken to reach vacation spot also determine packets touring course. Below we’re tracing course to global DNS server IP Address and able to reach destination also shows direction of that packet is travelling.
# traceroute 4.2.2.2 traceroute to 4.2.2.2 (4.2.2.2), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 192.168.50.1 (192.168.50.1) 0.217 ms 0.624 ms 0.133 ms 2 227.18.106.27.mysipl.com (27.106.18.227) 2.343 ms 1.910 ms 1.799 ms 3 221-231-119-111.mysipl.com (111.119.231.221) 4.334 ms 4.001 ms 5.619 ms 4 10.0.0.5 (10.0.0.5) 5.386 ms 6.490 ms 6.224 ms 5 gi0-0-0.dgw1.bom2.pacific.net.in (203.123.129.25) 7.798 ms 7.614 ms 7.378 ms 6 115.113.165.49.static-mumbai.vsnl.net.in (115.113.165.49) 10.852 ms 5.389 ms 4.322 ms 7 ix-0-100.tcore1.MLV-Mumbai.as6453.net (180.87.38.5) 5.836 ms 5.590 ms 5.503 ms 8 if-9-5.tcore1.WYN-Marseille.as6453.net (80.231.217.17) 216.909 ms 198.864 ms 201.737 ms 9 if-2-2.tcore2.WYN-Marseille.as6453.net (80.231.217.2) 203.305 ms 203.141 ms 202.888 ms 10 if-5-2.tcore1.WV6-Madrid.as6453.net (80.231.200.6) 200.552 ms 202.463 ms 202.222 ms 11 if-8-2.tcore2.SV8-Highbridge.as6453.net (80.231.91.26) 205.446 ms 215.885 ms 202.867 ms 12 if-2-2.tcore1.SV8-Highbridge.as6453.net (80.231.139.2) 202.675 ms 201.540 ms 203.972 ms 13 if-6-2.tcore1.NJY-Newark.as6453.net (80.231.138.18) 203.732 ms 203.496 ms 202.951 ms 14 if-2-2.tcore2.NJY-Newark.as6453.net (66.198.70.2) 203.858 ms 203.373 ms 203.208 ms 15 66.198.111.26 (66.198.111.26) 201.093 ms 63.243.128.25 (63.243.128.25) 206.597 ms 66.198.111.26 (66.198.111.26) 204.178 ms 16 ae9.edge1.NewYork.Level3.net (4.68.62.185) 205.960 ms 205.740 ms 205.487 ms 17 vlan51.ebr1.NewYork2.Level3.net (4.69.138.222) 203.867 ms vlan52.ebr2.NewYork2.Level3.net (4.69.138.254) 202.850 ms vlan51.ebr1.NewYork2.Level3.net (4.69.138.222) 202.351 ms 18 ae-6-6.ebr2.NewYork1.Level3.net (4.69.141.21) 201.771 ms 201.185 ms 201.120 ms 19 ae-81-81.csw3.NewYork1.Level3.net (4.69.134.74) 202.407 ms 201.479 ms ae-92-92.csw4.NewYork1.Level3.net (4.69.148.46) 208.145 ms 20 ae-2-70.edge2.NewYork1.Level3.net (4.69.155.80) 200.572 ms ae-4-90.edge2.NewYork1.Level3.net (4.69.155.208) 200.402 ms ae-1-60.edge2.NewYork1.Level3.net (4.69.155.16) 203.573 ms 21 b.resolvers.Level3.net (4.2.2.2) 199.725 ms 199.190 ms 202.488 ms
4. NETSTAT Command
Netstat (Network Statistic) command show connection info, routing table data and many others. To displays routing desk facts use alternative as -r.
# netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 192.168.50.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 default 192.168.50.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
5. DIG Command
Dig (area facts groper) query DNS related information like A Record, CNAME, MX Record etc. This command specifically use to troubleshoot DNS associated query.
# dig www.tecmint.com; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> www.tecmint.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<
6. NSLOOKUP Command
Nslookup command additionally use to discover DNS associated question. The following examples shows A Record (IP Address) of tecmint.Com.
# nslookup www.tecmint.com Server: 4.2.2.2 Address: 4.2.2.2#53 Non-authoritative answer: www.tecmint.com canonical name = tecmint.com. Name: tecmint.com Address: 50.116.66.136
7. Network Configuration, ROUTE Command
Network Configuration, Path command also shows and control ip routing table. To see default routing desk in Linux, type the subsequent command.
# route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.50.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0 default 192.168.50.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
Adding, deleting routes and default Gateway with following commands.
Route Adding
# route add -net 10.10.10.0/24 gw 192.168.0.1
Route Deleting
# route del -net 10.10.10.0/24 gw 192.168.0.1
Adding default Gateway
# route add default gw 192.168.0.1
8. HOST Command
Host command to locate call to IP or IP to call in IPv4 or IPv6 and additionally query DNS data.
# host www.google.com www.google.com has address 173.194.38.180 www.google.com has address 173.194.38.176 www.google.com has address 173.194.38.177 www.google.com has address 173.194.38.178 www.google.com has address 173.194.38.179 www.google.com has IPv6 address 2404:6800:4003:802::1014
Using -t option we can find out DNS Resource Records like CNAME, NS, MX, SOA etc.
# host -t CNAME www.redhat.com www.redhat.com is an alias for wildcard.redhat.com.edgekey.net.
9. Network Configuration, ARP Command
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is beneficial to view / upload the contents of the kernel’s ARP tables. To see default desk use the command as.
# arp -e Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface 192.168.50.1 ether 00:50:56:c0:00:08 C eth0
10. Network Configuration, ETHTOOL Command
Ethtool is a substitute of mii-device. It is to view, placing velocity and duplex of your Network Interface Card (NIC). You can set duplex completely in /and so on/sysconfig/community-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 with ETHTOOL_OPTS variable.
# ethtool eth0 Settings for eth0: Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) Link detected: yes
11. IWCONFIG Command
Iwconfig command in Linux is find to configure a wireless network interface. You can see and set the primary Wi-Fi info like SSID channel and encryption. You can refer guy page of iwconfig to understand extra.
# iwconfig [interface]
12. HOSTNAME Command
Hostname is to pick out in a network. Execute hostname command to see the hostname of your field. You can set hostname completely in /etc/sysconfig/network. Need to reboot field once set a proper hostname.
# hostname tecmint.com
13. Network Configuration, GUI tool system-config-network
Type system-config-network in command activate to configure community putting and you’ll get first-class Graphical User Interface (GUI) which can also use to configure IP Address, Gateway, DNS and so forth. As shown under picture.
# system-config-network
This article may be useful for each day use of Linux Network administrator in Linux / Unix-like working machine.